What does theobromine do to dogs?
Agitation, hyperactivity and gastrointestinal upset have been noted when a dog ingests 20 mg per kilogram of body weight. Gastrointestinal upset can include drooling, vomiting and diarrhea that will smell like chocolate. Theobromine toxicity has been fatal when your dog ingests 200 mg per kilogram of body weight.
What is the difference between theobromine and theophylline?
Theobromine is water insoluble and is an isomer of theophylline as well as paraxanthine. Theobromine is categorized as 3,7-dimethylxanthine while theophylline is 1,3-dimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione and paraxanthine is 1,7-dimethylxanthine. Theophylline is known to be a bitter-tasting principle of green tea.
What is theophylline theobromine?
Theobromine and theophylline are used for pharmaceutical purposes as bronchodilators and for vasodilators and also as mild muscle relaxants. They are used to prevent and treat shortness of breath caused by asthma and other respiratory disorders (1).
Is theobromine a xanthine?
The xanthine alkaloids include caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline, and are well-known components of tea (Camellia sinensis), coffee (Coffea arabica), cola ingredients (Cola spp.), and cocoa (Theobroma cacao).
Is theobromine toxic to dogs?
Yes, chocolate is toxic to dogs. While rarely fatal, chocolate ingestion can result in significant illness. Chocolate is toxic because it contains a chemical called theobromine, as well as caffeine. Theobromine is the main toxin in chocolate and is very similar to caffeine.
What are the symptoms of theobromine poisoning in dogs?
Chocolate is toxic to dogs for two reasons:
- Dogs Can’t Have Caffeine. The first of these is the caffeine content present in chocolate.
- Theobromine is Dangerous for Dogs.
- Vomiting and Diarrhea.
- Excessive Thirst and Urination.
- Restlessness.
- High Heart Rate.
- Seizures.
- Contact.
What effect does theobromine have on the body?
Theobromine is used as a vasodilator (a blood vessel widener), as an aid in urination, and as a heart stimulant.
Is theobromine and theophylline more polar?
The values of the dipole moment tells us that this molecules are polar with Theobromine being more polar than Theophylline.
How is theobromine metabolized?
In the liver, theobromine is metabolized into xanthine and subsequently into methyluric acid. Important enzymes include CYP1A2 and CYP2E1. “The main mechanism of action for methylxanthines has long been established as an inhibition of adenosine receptors”.
What is xanthine used for?
The major use of xanthine derivatives are for relief of bronchospasm caused by asthma or chronic obstructive lung disease. The most widely used xanthine is theophylline.
How much theobromine is toxic for dogs?
Dog owners often ask how much chocolate can kill a dog. While there is no right or wrong answer to this, we know dogs show symptoms of poisoning when they eat 20mg of theobromine (the toxic chemical in chocolate) for every kilogram they weigh. These symptoms become severe at 40 to 50mg per kg.