What are VCaP cells?
VCaP are an adherent, epithelial cell line with high Androgen receptor and Prostate specific antigen expression. VCaP are the only prostate cancer cell model that express the Androgen receptor splice variant, AR-V7, and the TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion.
How can an AR stimulate gene expression?
AR similarly represses expression of multiple genes mediating androgen synthesis, DNA synthesis and proliferation, while stimulating genes mediating lipid and protein biosynthesis.
What is DU145?
DU145 (DU-145) is a human prostate cancer cell line. DU145, PC3, and LNCaP are considered to be the standard prostate cancer cell lines used in therapeutic research.
What is arv7?
The AR-V7 Nucleus Detect® test is a simple blood test for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who have failed an androgen receptor (AR)–targeted therapy.
What is TMPRSS2 ERG?
TMPRSS2 is a prostate-specific and androgen-response gene that encodes a protein belonging to the serine protease family, which functions in prostate carcinogenesis and relies on gene fusion with ETS transcription factors, such as ERG and ETV1 (8).
What does the AR gene do?
The AR gene provides instructions for making a protein called an androgen receptor. Androgens are hormones (such as testosterone) that are important for normal male sexual development before birth and during puberty. Androgen receptors allow the body to respond appropriately to these hormones.
What is the role of dihydrotestosterone?
[3][4] It plays a vital role in the sexual development of males. During embryonic life, it is involved primarily in the sexual differentiation of organs. Through adolescence and adult life, DHT promotes prostate growth, sebaceous gland activity, male pattern baldness, and body, facial and pubic hair growth.
Why is the ERG gene important?
ERG Gene – ETS Transcription Factor ERG This gene encodes a member of the erythroblast transformation-specific (ETS) family of transcriptions factors. All members of this family are key regulators of embryonic development, cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, inflammation, and apoptosis.
What happens when androgen receptor is activated?
Androgen receptors interact with other proteins in the nucleus, resulting in up- or down-regulation of specific gene transcription. Up-regulation or activation of transcription results in increased synthesis of messenger RNA, which, in turn, is translated by ribosomes to produce specific proteins.
What happens if DHT is high?
High levels of androgens, including DHT, can shrink your hair follicles as well as shorten this cycle, causing hair to grow out looking thinner and more brittle, as well as fall out faster. DHT can also make it take longer for your follicles to grow new hairs once old hairs fall out.
What does DHT do in females?
The hormonal process of testosterone converting to DHT, which then harms hair follicles, happens in both men and women. Under normal conditions, women have a minute fraction of the level of testosterone that men have, but even a lower level can cause DHT- triggered hair loss in women.
Are VCaP cells suitable for efficient tumor establishment in the prostate?
The VCaP cells are suitable for efficient tumor establishment in vivo due to high take rate when engrafted either subcutaneously or orthotopically in the prostate (Korenchuk et al. 2001, Knuuttila et al. 2014.
Do androgen-sensitive cells respond differently to dihydrotesterone than VCaP cells?
VCaP androgen-sensitive cells responded dose dependently to dihydrotesterone, whereas VCaP androgen-independent cells did not alter their proliferation in response to dihydrotesterone.
Can microorganisms suppress androgen-dependent growth of human prostate cancer LNCaP cells?
The androgen receptor (AR) is an important therapeutic target for all clinical states of prostate cancer. We screened cultured broths of microorganisms for their ability to suppress androgen-dependent growth of human prostate cancer LNCaP and VCaP cells without cytotoxicity.
What happens to VCaP cells when mice are castrated?
Even more importantly, the VCaP cells grow in intact mice in androgen-sensitive manner, while castration induces a transient reduction in growth rate and a dramatic drop in the PSA secretion (Fig. 1).