What is the chemical formula for maitotoxin?
C164H256O68S2Na2Maitotoxin / Formula
What does maitotoxin do?
Maitotoxins increase the calcium ion influx through excitable membranes, causing cell depolarization, hormone and neurotransmitter secretion, and breakdown of phosphoinositides (important in regulating the function of integral cell membrane proteins).
What is the natural source of maitotoxin?
Isolated from the dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus, maitotoxin is distributed in tropical and subtropical areas of the Pacific Ocean.
What is the most complex chemical reaction?
The most complex substance is the one with the largest number of different atoms, which is C8H18. We will assume initially that the final balanced chemical equation contains 1 molecule or formula unit of this substance….Balancing a Chemical Equation.
| Reactants | Element/Polyatomic Ion | Products |
|---|---|---|
| 8 | C | 8 |
| 18 | H | 18 |
What is the LD50 for maitotoxin?
0.17 μg kg− 1 BW
Maitotoxins, the important neurotoxins associated with ciguatoxins, are a class of water-soluble cyclic polyether molecules with numerous hydroxyl groups and sulfate groups. MTXs have become the most toxic toxins so far, with the LD50 of 0.17 μg kg− 1 BW (mouse, ip).
What is the classification of maitotoxin?
Maitotoxin (MTX) is a potent shellfish toxin widely used as an in vitro tool for increasing intracellular Ca2+ and studying Ca2+ -dependent processes.
What are the 4 basic types of chemical reactions and how are they different from each other?
4 Main Types of Chemical Reactions
| Type of Reaction | General Reaction |
|---|---|
| Synthesis or Combination | A + B → AB |
| Decomposition or Analysis | AB → A + B |
| Displacement, Replacement, or Substitution | A + BC → AC + B |
| Double displacement, Double replacement, or Metathesis | AB + CD → AD + CB |
What is complex chemical reaction?
Complex reaction mechanisms can consist of a number of electron transfer steps, with some chemical steps preceding or succeeding the electron transfer steps or taking place in between them. Most organic electrochemical reactions are complex, involving large numbers of electrons in the overall reaction.
Is there a cure for maitotoxin?
Treatment. There is no specific antidote for ciguatoxin or maitotoxin poisonings. Symptomatic treatment may include gabapentin or pregabalin (neuropathic symptoms), amitriptyline (chronic paresthesias, depression, and pruritus), fluoxetine (chronic fatigue), and nifedipine or acetaminophen (headaches).
What are synthesis reactions?
Synthesis reactions are reactions that occur when two different atoms or molecules interact to form a different molecule or compound. Most of the time, when a synthesis reaction occurs, energy is released and the reaction is exothermic. However, an endothermic outcome is also possible.
What are the 7 chemical reactions?
What are the chemical reaction types? On the basis of the product formed, different types of reactions are Combustion reaction, Decomposition reaction, Neutralization reaction, Redox Reaction, Precipitation or Double-Displacement Reaction, Synthesis reaction.
What are the 3 types of complex reactions?
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