What does matrix metalloproteinases do to the skin?
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are essential to the remodeling of the extracellular matrix. While their upregulation facilitates aging and cancer, they are essential to epidermal differentiation and the prevention of wound scars.
What is MMP-13 enzyme used for?
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 13 is a major enzyme that targets cartilage for degradation.
How many MMPs is a human?
23 MMPs
Various types of proteinases are implicated in ECM degradation, but the major enzymes are considered to be matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), also called matrixins [4]. Humans have 24 matrixin genes including duplicated MMP-23 genes; thus there are 23 MMPs in humans.
Where are MMPs found in the skin?
MMP-9 is produced by human keratinocytes and can digest collagen type IV, an important component of the basement membrane in skin. The epidermal basement membrane is responsible for the epidermal-dermal adhesion, which is crucial for epidermal integrity.
How does active MMPs affect collagen?
Inhibition of the collagenolytic activity of MMP-1 or MT1-MMP converts the diffusion on the collagen fibril to mostly bidirectional and random [17,20]. In intact collagen fibrils, MMP-1 cannot reach the vulnerable sites in the collagen monomer, apparently because they are covered by the C-terminal telopeptide [21].
Does MMP-13 help neuropathy?
The involvement of MMP-13 in both neuropathies and its conservation in mice indicates that the mechanism may be conserved among sensory neuropathies and translate into humans. Therefore, selective MMP-13 inhibitor applications to the epidermis may be a valuable treatment option for diabetic neuropathy.
Does MMP-13 enzyme cause neuropathy?
Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy is caused by epidermal ROS and mitochondrial damage through conserved MMP-13 activation. Sci Rep. 2020 Mar 4;10(1):3970. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60990-8.